• Once apoptosis has been initiated the

  2023-12-05

  

  Once apoptosis has been initiated the HMGA proteins themselves undergo marked changes in both the types and extent of their post-translational modifications (PTMs; review in [149,175]), some of which are likely correlated with alterations in chromatin structure. For example, the early stages of apop

• Azaserine Based on the general structure function principle

  2023-12-05

  

  Based on the general structure-function principle in biology [[19], [20], [21]], toxic oligomers are expected to have well-defined three-dimensional structures to carry out their pathological functions. A common amyloid toxicity mechanism also suggests that toxic oligomers of different amyloid prote

• br Experimental procedures br Results br Discussion Our biop

  2023-12-05

  

  Experimental procedures Results Discussion Our biophysical and cellular analyses of mutant Aβ1–42 peptides support a role of the N-terminus of Aβ in peptide aggregation and toxicity. We demonstrate that double mutations constructed to humanize the rodent Aβ1–42 sequence result in a signific

• Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in

  2023-12-05

  

  Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in energy sensing and cancer cell survival, a huge number of drugs have been proposed to exert their pharmacological effects by means of AMPK activation (Kim and He, 2013). For example, metformin has been shown to activate AMPK in muscle (Sajan et al., 20

• MAPs require divalent transition metal ions as cofactors for

  2023-12-05

  

  MAPs require divalent transition metal ions as cofactors for activity [21]. Previous studies on MAPs from different organisms indicate cobalt ions to be the most preferred divalent metal activator [22]. However, MAPs also exhibit activity with other divalent cations like Mn(II), Ca(II), Ni(II) or Fe

• br Introduction Several studies have found

  2023-12-05

  

  Introduction Several studies have found that hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling pathways play critical roles in the regulation of food intake and Calmidazolium chloride receptor metabolism in mammals [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]. Central injections of the inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3- kina

• However for a molecular target to be useful in AD

  2023-12-05

  

  However, for a molecular target to be useful in AD, it must rescue behavioral as well as biochemical insults. In humans, AD memory impairments typically declare themselves initially as disruption of episodic memory and consolidation of new memories, eventually progressing to global cognitive decline

• The presence of different LO splice variants

  2023-12-05

  

  The presence of different 5-LO splice variants was first demonstrated in human abk tumour cells and in dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated HL-60 cells [40] and a correlation between the 5-LO splicing pattern and the malignancy of the brain tumours was found. Later, other splice variants were identifi

• Five alternatively spliced isoforms of ATX have been describ

  2023-12-05

  

  Five alternatively-spliced isoforms of ATX have been described and all are catalytically active [16], [17]. The original ATX described in 1992 is termed ATXα, whereas the most abundant isoform is ATXβ and is the same isoform responsible for plasma lysoPLD activity [18]. Full length ATX is synthesize

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgments br Introduction To die or

  2023-12-05

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgments Introduction To die or not to die – that is the question. Christian de Duve created the word “autophagy” in 1960’s for the first time (Klionsky et al., 2016). The word “autophagy” was derived from the Greek roots “auto” (self) and “phagy” (eating) and referred to

• In a study highlighted the usefulness of

  2023-12-04

  

  In 2010, a study highlighted the usefulness of arginase-1 as a sensitive and specific marker of hepatocytic differentiation for diagnostic pathology [9]. Subsequent studies have validated the high sensitivity and specificity of arginase-1, in particular its added value in evaluating poorly different

• 92 8 When arachidonic acid is used as a

  2023-12-04

  

  When arachidonic 92 8 is used as a substrate, the platelet-type 12S-lipoxygenase produces predominantly the 12S-hydroperoxy derivative. In contrast, the leukocyte-type 12S-lipoxygenases generate substantial amounts of the 15-lipoxygenase product in addition to the 12S-hydroperoxy derivative. The ra

• br Materials and methods br

  2023-12-04

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion First, we examined whether hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling pathways are regulated postprandially in chickens. Refeeding significantly (P 2×Taq PCR Master Mix(with dye) concentrations significantly increased in chicks after 1 h of refeeding (958 

• br Distribution of OCT in rat brain To

  2023-12-04

  

  Distribution of OCT3 in rat brain To understand the potential roles of this corticosterone-sensitive monoamine clearance mechanism in the regulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission and behavior, and its potential contribution to corticosteroid actions on behavior, we examined the rostrocaudal

• br Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and mac

  2023-12-04

  

  Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and macrophages. All four adenosine receptor subtypes are expressed on monocytes and macrophages, and their levels and function undergo significant changes during the maturation of macrophages from monocytes. Indeed, quiescent monocytes are charac

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