• The apoptosis promoting Bcl family includes BH only proteins

  2024-03-21

  

  The apoptosis-promoting Bcl-2 family includes BH3-only proteins (e.g., Bim, Bid and Bad) and multiple-domain proteins (e.g., Bax and Bak). At the time of apoptosis stimulation (e.g., DNA damage), only the BH3-only protein is activated, directly or indirectly promoting Bax/Bak oligomerization, changi

• Over expression of the inflammatory cytokines

  2024-03-21

  

  Over expression of the inflammatory cytokines, MMPs and COX-2 act as an important inducer of chronic inflammation. COX-2 catalyzes the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), and induced expression was observed in MPC 6827 hydrochloride stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines or bacterial lipopolys

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments We thank the m

  2024-03-20

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments We thank the members of the Qing laboratory for helpful suggestions and Biotree Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) for metabolomics analysis and data interpretation. This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China

• Introduction Diabetic nephropathy is a rapidly

  2024-03-20

  

  Introduction Diabetic nephropathy is a rapidly growing cause of end-stage renal disease [1]. Glomerular, tubular and vascular toxicity resulting from hyperglycemia (glucotoxicity) have been evaluated extensively at the molecular level as contributing factors for diabetic nephropathy [[1], [2], [3]]

• Based on the observation that antipsychotic

  2024-03-20

  

  Based on the observation that antipsychotic drugs increase 5-HT1A–D2 heteromerization level (Łukasiewicz et al., 2016), we set out to compare the effect of paroxetine to that of risperidone. Paroxetine, a potent SSRI, is very effective in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, e.g., gene

• br LO and the secretase complex Supporting

  2024-03-20

  

  5LO and the γ-secretase complex Supporting this concept, during a recent trial testing the γ-secretase inhibitor semagacestat (LY 450139), AD patients actually experienced a functional decline compared to patients who took a placebo in addition to several other significant adverse effects (Doody

• The observation that vortioxetine blocks HT induced currents

  2024-03-20

  

  The observation that vortioxetine blocks 5-HT-induced currents in 5-HT3 receptor-expressing oocytes suggests that vortioxetine acts to functionally antagonize these receptors, and is in line with previously published data (Bang-Andersen et al., 2011). For example, Mørk et al. (2012) demonstrated th

• The gene SRD A encodes the reductase enzyme which

  2024-03-20

  

  The gene SRD5A2 encodes the 5-α-reductase enzyme, which converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. Although dihydrotestosterone levels are considerably lower than testosterone, dihydrotestosterone has a five-fold stronger binding capacity to the androgen receptor and, thereby, a considerably mo

• br Research perspective In vitro

  2024-03-20

  

  Research perspective In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that increased LPA/ATX signaling contributes to cancer initiation and progression. Recent findings on the role of non-tumoral ATX in cancer progression and metastasis highlighted a new functional contribution for the microenviron

• Our previous work fails to show any maternal

  2024-03-18

  

  Our previous work fails to show any maternal effect with blockade of 5-HT2A receptor, as acute and repeated treatment of MDL100907 does not alter maternal behavior at the behaviorally active doses (Chen et al., 2014). In the present study, MDL100907 pretreatment attenuated the maternal disruptive ef

• br Cytochrome b br Cytochrome P hydroxylase

  2024-03-18

  

  Cytochrome b5 Cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450 17A1) A number of P450s involved in steroid biosynthesis are multifunctional as they carry out two or more sequential hydroxylation reactions on the same substrate(s). P450 17A1 is a dual function endoplasmic reticulum enzyme enco

• At present drugs that specifically inhibit YAP activity are

  2024-03-18

  

  At present, drugs that specifically inhibit YAP activity are not available. In fact, verteporfin, which was originally described as a specific inhibitor of YAP-TEAD interaction, has been recently shown to exert its activity through selective induction of proteotoxicity rather than through YAP inhib

• Skeletal pain associated with bone fracture is another area

  2024-03-18

  

  Skeletal pain associated with bone fracture is another area of critical need for a novel pain medication. NSAIDs and opiates are the two major therapies currently used to manage bone fracture pain. However, both of these therapies lead to significant unwanted side effects. Using the osteotomy model

• In this study significant reduction in the

  2024-03-18

  

  In this study, significant reduction in the HCO3− content in sham-operated and testosterone-treated rats following bafilomycin A1 administration suggested that V-ATPase could be involved in mediating the decrease in vas deferens fluid HCO3− content, most probably due to the increase in H+ secretion

• Of the many different types of

  2024-03-18

  

  Of the many different types of DNA lesions, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are amongst the most deleterious. It has been suggested that a single unrepaired DSB may be sufficient to induce cell death (Bennett et al., 1993), whereas misrepaired DSBs can result in loss of genetic information, potentia

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