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Nowadays more than kinases have been identified of
2024-04-02
Nowadays, more than 500 kinases have been identified of human genome [2]. Imatinib (Gleevec) was the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia [3], and kinases have become an attractive target for the developme
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y15 When skeletal muscle ages there is an increase in frailt
2024-04-02
When skeletal muscle ages, there is an increase in frailty, which is coincident with a decrease in muscle mass and function—this condition is called sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2010). It has been shown that one of the major pathways downregulated at the onset of sarcopenia is the mitochondrial
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br Synthetic lethal approaches In addition to
2024-04-02
Synthetic lethal approaches In addition to the potential utility of ATM and ATR as chemo- or radiosensitisers, recent studies suggest that such compounds may have single agent activity in certain subsets of patients through induction of synthetic lethality. Two genes are considered synthetically
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Introduction Initially postulated to represent the
2024-04-02
Introduction Initially postulated to represent the main source of ATP production in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are recently recognized to perform manifold essential functions beyond energy production, impacting most areas of cell biology and medicine [1]. Mitochondrial metabolism is both the b
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These anatomical studies were followed by
2024-04-02
These anatomical studies were followed by the first functional MRI studies of auditory processing in songbirds that were performed in starlings (Van Meir et al., 2005; De Groof et al., 2017; De Groof et al., 2013b) and in zebra finches (Boumans et al., 2008a; Boumans et al., 2007; Boumans et al., 20
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br ROS in AiP and regeneration Tissue wounding
2024-04-02
ROS in AiP and regeneration Tissue wounding and inflammation are associated with production of ROS, and recent studies show that generation of ROS, especially during the initial stages of wounding and regeneration are essential for an efficient wound healing response. ROS, in particular H2O2 func
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Available data thus indicate that there are at least
2024-04-02
Available data thus indicate that there are at least two ways that HMGA proteins can induce localized changes in the chromatin structure of inducible gene promoters, both of which involve positioned nucleosomes that must be “remodeled” before gene transcription can occur. The first mechanism is exem
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The reasons why antibiotic treatment may be
2024-04-02
The reasons why antibiotic treatment may be detrimental are diverse. First, it may result in disruption of multifaceted microbe–microbe, as well as microbe–host, interactions that are key for the maintenance of homeostasis within this ecosystem. This can lead to the expansion of pathogenic microorga
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Sorafenib was the first small RTK inhibitor drug to be
2024-04-02
Sorafenib was the first small RTK inhibitor drug to be developed and was initially approved against renal cell carcinoma, then against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and more recently for differentiated thyroid treatment [111]. Sunitinib soon followed, being approved for gastrointestinal stromal tum
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Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase
2024-04-01
Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and widely considered as first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 is responsible for the inactivation of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is released by the intestine af
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br Experimental procedures br Results br Discussion br
2024-04-01
Experimental procedures Results Discussion Acknowledgments SRE and EBL contributed equally to this TCS PIM-1 1 work. SRE, EBL, and MJT designed experiments, SRE, EBL, MCH, and AEI conducted experiments, SRE and EBL analyzed data, and EBL and MJT wrote the manuscript. We would like to th
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Glu Gln Asp and Asn the
2024-04-01
Glu, Gln, Asp, and Asn, the main 4-P-PDOT presented in the present study, are involved in nitrogen assimilation and transport processes within the plants. Furthermore, they are used to build up reserves during periods of nitrogen availability for subsequent use in growth, defense, and reproductive p
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Inflammatory factors released by activated cells during AD a
2024-04-01
Inflammatory factors released by activated cells during AD are very important for the disease progression. Not only several inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33, but also anti-inflammatory ones, as IL-10 and IL-13, are upregulated in the brain of AD patients (Morimoto et al., 2011
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So far many independent studies have linked cholesterol
2024-04-01
So far, many independent studies have linked cholesterol metabolism–related genes with AD, either by showing associations with specific polymorphisms or with differential PBIT receptor levels (Beecham et al., 2014, Blain and Poirier, 2004, Lambert et al., 2009, Lambert et al., 2013, Leduc et al., 20
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With regard to the correlation between rearrangements and
2024-04-01
With regard to the correlation between -rearrangements and thromboembolic events, Zer et al. reported a VTE rate of 36% in a cohort of 98 patients with ALK-positive NSCLC. Of note, VTE was also associated with shorter overall survival (HR: 5.71, =0.01) . Only few others have investigated NSCLC drive
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